Sphenisciformes

It belongs to the Gogan family (Spheniscida), which feeds on fish.  Penguins have thick wings that they use as swimming fins.  Penguins live in the cold places of the southern hemisphere.

The name penguin is actually the name of a large kingfisher, a native bird of the Arctic Ocean, which was very similar in appearance to penguins and became extinct in the 19th century.  When the sailors reached the Arctic Ocean, they gave the same name to the birds there, which were unable to fly.

Terminology

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The root of this name is in the Welsh language and is derived from the word pen gwyn meaning "white head", which was the name of a bird with a face close to them.

The word penguin was first recognized in the 16th century as a synonym for the great kingfisher. [3] When European explorers discovered what is now known as the penguin in the southern hemisphere, due to the similar appearance of these creatures to the great kingfisher in  The northern hemisphere called them by this name, while there was not much connection between them.

classification

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Penguin family – modern penguins

Wingless penguins - Aptenodytes

King penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus

Emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri

Long-billed penguins – Pygoscelis

Adelie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae

Bearded penguin, Pygoscelis antarctica

Gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papua

Little Crested Penguins – Eudyptula

Little penguin, Eudyptula minor

White-finned penguin, Eudyptula albosignata

Wedge penguins – Spheniscus

Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus

Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti

Galapagos penguin, Spheniscus mendiculus

African penguin, Spheniscus demersus

Yellow-eyed penguins – Megadyptes

Yellow-eyed penguin, Megadyptes antipodes

Waitaha penguin, Megadyptes waitaha (extinct)

Crested penguins – Eudyptes

Fiordland penguin, Eudyptes pachyrynchus

The crested penguin, Eudyptes robustus

The right-crested penguin, Eudyptes sclateri

Southern Rock Penguin, Eudyptes chrysocome

Eastern Rock Penguin, Eudyptes filholi

Northern rock-crowned penguin, Eudyptes moseleyi

King penguin, Eudyptes schlegeli (disputed)

Macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus

Chatham penguin, Eudyptes chathamensis (extinct)